the 2SC1969 is rated at 18 - 22 watts output with one watt of drive @ 12 volts, which also means that they produce higher output levels with more drive and higher Vcc, either or both. yes they will do 30 watts out without too much work, and more. no one thinks anything about pushing a tube for example to several times its rated plate dissipation and yet they deliver a few years of service. in common use most tubes are operated at 2 - 2.5 times (and higher) their rated plate dissipation in am and ssb service. since the duty cycle during the brief periods of TIME that the modulation peaks occur is a fraction of the non-peak periods the tubes can handle the higher than normal excursions from the plate ratings without too much problem. the same goes for solid state devices. i will admit that 40 watts is "pushing it" for a 1969 but it will do it, without deviating from oem biasing and without excessive levels of heat buildup. they're not running class AB either. http://www.firecommunications.com/trdbase/2sc1969.pdf as for the wattmeter used for the tests, i will just add this. the meter is a wawasee blackcat standalone with the LARGE meter movement. it is also one of the few analog meters using a jewelled D' Arsonval meter movement to allow faster response times to aid in peak measurements. it is calibrated once a year in one of the standards labs here in the state. i'll just leave you all with one more thing. how many of you would buy a Galaxy 33/44/66 if it only produced 19 watts of transmitter output? yet magically the same 2SC1969 in these radios will produce 35 - 40 watts, without gutting the amc. what's wrong with the idea that the same device in the 40 channel radios should be able to perform as well? think about it. 228 originally posted on: Thursday, September 04, 2003 - 09:53 am Copper Talk: Open Forum: Modulation on a 29